Tag: carbon storage

  • Why Pipelines Are Key to Cost-Effective CCS Solutions

    Why Pipelines Are Key to Cost-Effective CCS Solutions





    Pipelines: The Safest and Most Cost-Effective Method for Large-Scale Transport in CCS

    Pipelines: The Safest and Most Cost-Effective Method for Large-Scale Transport in CCS

    Introduction

    In the realm of Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS), the efficient transport of captured carbon dioxide (CO2) is paramount. Pipelines are increasingly recognized as the safest and most cost-effective solution for large-scale transport of CO2. With the growing emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, understanding the pivotal role of pipelines in CCS becomes crucial. This article delves into their significance, exploring both technological advancements and practical applications.

    Key Concepts

    Pipelines encompass a range of principles vital for the safe and efficient transportation of carbon dioxide:

    • Safety Protocols: Advanced monitoring systems ensure the integrity of pipelines, minimizing the risk of leaks and accidents.
    • Cost Efficiency: Pipelines allow for the transportation of large volumes of CO2 over long distances with lower operational costs compared to other modes of transport.
    • Integration with CCS: Effective pipeline infrastructure enables seamless connection between carbon capture sites and storage locations, thus supporting the overarching CCS framework.

    Applications and Real-World Uses

    Understanding how pipelines are used in the context of Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) highlights their practicality:

    • Industrial Emissions Capture: Many industrial facilities, such as power plants, employ pipelines to transport captured CO2 to designated storage sites.
    • Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR): CO2 pipelines are also utilized to facilitate EOR, where captured carbon enhances oil extraction and reduces overall emissions.
    • Research Projects: Several CCS research initiatives worldwide leverage pipeline technology for experimental carbon transport, paving the way for future advancements.

    Current Challenges

    Despite their advantages, there are several challenges associated with pipelines in CCS:

    • Regulatory Hurdles: Navigating through various state and federal regulations can be complex and time-consuming.
    • Public Acceptance: Community concerns regarding safety and environmental impacts may hinder pipeline development.
    • Infrastructure Costs: Initial investment for building pipeline networks can be significant, impacting project feasibility.

    Future Research and Innovations

    Upcoming innovations promise to enhance the efficacy of pipelines in CCS:

    • Smart Pipeline Technologies: Innovations in sensor technology and data analytics are set to improve leak detection and risk assessment.
    • Alternative Materials: Research into advanced materials aims to bolster the durability and lifespan of pipelines, thereby reducing maintenance costs.
    • Integrated Systems: Future projects may integrate pipelines with renewable energy sources, enhancing overall sustainability in carbon transport and storage.

    Conclusion

    To conclude, pipelines stand out as the safest and most cost-effective approach for large-scale transport within the Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) framework. Their operational benefits and real-world applications underscore their importance in mitigating climate change. As technology progresses, continued research and development in this area are essential. For more information, consider exploring topics on current CCS technologies and case studies on pipeline applications.


  • Oxyfuel Combustion: Enhancing Carbon Capture & Storage Solutions

    Oxyfuel Combustion: Enhancing Carbon Capture & Storage Solutions




    Oxyfuel Combustion and Its Role in Carbon Capture & Storage



    Oxyfuel Combustion: A Critical Process in Carbon Capture & Storage

    Introduction

    Oxyfuel combustion is a revolutionary process that burns fuel in pure oxygen instead of air. This innovative technique produces a flue gas composed primarily of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor, playing a significant role in the realm of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). By generating a concentrated stream of CO2, oxyfuel combustion facilitates easier and more efficient capture of greenhouse gases, making it vital for reducing carbon emissions and addressing climate change.

    Key Concepts

    Understanding Oxyfuel Combustion

    In oxyfuel combustion, the conventional air-fuel mixture is replaced with a mixture that includes oxygen at higher concentrations. This adjustment results in higher flame temperatures and improved combustion efficiency. The major components influenced by this method include:

    • Fuel Efficiency: Increased combustion efficiency leads to reduced fuel consumption and lower operational costs.
    • CO2 Concentration: The flue gas produced is primarily made up of CO2 and water, simplifying the carbon capture process.
    • Combustion Control: Enhanced control over combustion processes improves energy generation and pollutant management.

    Relationship with Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS)

    Oxyfuel combustion is intrinsically linked to CCS strategies, as it significantly lowers the barriers for capturing CO2 from industrial processes. This method highlights the importance of integrating advanced combustion techniques with CCS to achieve ambitious climate goals.

    Applications and Real-World Uses

    Oxyfuel combustion has broad applications in various sectors, particularly within energy production and manufacturing. Some prominent uses include:

    • Power Generation: Oxyfuel combustion is utilized in coal and natural gas power plants to optimize efficiency and reduce carbon emissions.
    • Cement Production: The cement industry leverages oxyfuel technology to enhance carbon capture capabilities, reducing its significant environmental impact.
    • Metallurgical Processes: In the production of metals, oxyfuel combustion enhances energy efficiency and minimizes CO2 emissions.

    These applications demonstrate how Oxyfuel combustion is effectively being used in the context of Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS).

    Current Challenges

    Despite its advantages, Oxyfuel combustion faces several challenges that hinder widespread adoption:

    1. Cost of Implementation: The initial setup and technology investment can be prohibitively expensive for some industries.
    2. Operational Complexity: Managing oxygen and fuel mixtures requires advanced technology and expertise.
    3. Availability of Infrastructure: Existing infrastructure may require significant adaptation to accommodate oxyfuel technologies.

    Future Research and Innovations

    Research into Oxyfuel combustion is gaining momentum, with numerous projects aimed at overcoming existing challenges. Innovations focus on:

    • Next-Generation Technologies: Development of more efficient burners and CO2 capture systems.
    • Alternative Fuels: Exploring the use of renewable and less carbon-intensive fuels in oxyfuel combustion processes.
    • Integration with Renewable Power: Combining oxyfuel systems with renewable energy sources to create sustainable energy solutions.

    Conclusion

    Oxyfuel combustion represents a promising approach in the field of Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS), offering a unique method of burning fuel that leads to more efficient CO2 capture. As technology and strategies continue to evolve, further research and investment in oxyfuel combustion can pave the way for significant improvements in reducing global carbon emissions. For those interested in learning more about innovative carbon reduction techniques, explore our articles on carbon capture technologies and CCS initiatives worldwide.


  • Norway’s Sleipner Project: Pioneering Carbon Capture & Storage

    Norway’s Sleipner Project: Pioneering Carbon Capture & Storage




    Norway’s Sleipner Project: The World’s First Commercial CCS Project



    Norway’s Sleipner Project: The World’s First Commercial CCS Project

    Introduction

    The Sleipner project in Norway stands as a pioneering model in the realm of Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS). Launched in 1996, it is recognized as the world’s first commercial application for capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) beneath the North Sea. By removing approximately 1 million tons of CO2 annually from the atmosphere, Sleipner presents a critical case study in our efforts to combat climate change and underscores the potential of CCS technologies. This project not only demonstrates feasibility but also offers insights into the broader implications of CCS in achieving global sustainability goals.

    Key Concepts

    Understanding Carbon Capture & Storage

    Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) refers to a suite of technologies aimed at capturing and permanently storing CO2 emissions from industrial processes and power generation. The Sleipner project exemplifies key concepts such as:

    • Capture: The process involves capturing CO2 emissions produced from natural gas extraction.
    • Transportation: Captured CO2 is then transported via pipelines to the storage site.
    • Storage: The project stores CO2 deep beneath the seabed, securely preventing it from re-entering the atmosphere.

    Applications and Real-World Uses

    Practical Applications of Sleipner Project in CCS

    The Sleipner Project serves as a cornerstone in the demonstration of effective CCS applications. Some significant real-world uses include:

    • Proving the viability of long-term storage of CO2.
    • Providing crucial data and insights for future carbon capture projects worldwide.
    • Establishing regulatory frameworks and best practices for CCS deployment.

    Current Challenges

    Challenges of the Sleipner Project

    Despite its success, the Sleipner Project faces several challenges and limitations within the context of CCS, including:

    • Economic Viability: High costs associated with capturing, transporting, and storing CO2.
    • Public Perception: Lack of awareness and acceptance of CCS technology among the public.
    • Regulatory Hurdles: Navigating complex policy landscapes and regulatory requirements.

    Future Research and Innovations

    Next-Gen Technologies in CCS

    Looking forward, ongoing research and innovation surrounding the Sleipner Project could significantly impact the future of Carbon Capture & Storage. Key areas of focus include:

    • Development of more cost-effective capture technologies.
    • Enhanced monitoring and verification methods for CO2 storage sites.
    • Integration of CCS with renewable energy sources to optimize carbon reduction.

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, Norway’s Sleipner Project stands as a landmark achievement in Carbon Capture & Storage, demonstrating the potential of CCS technology to address climate change challenges. As research and innovations continue to evolve, the insights gained from this project will be vital for the adoption of similar initiatives worldwide. To learn more about CCS and its applications, visit our Carbon Capture resources page and explore how you can contribute to reducing global carbon emissions.


  • Unlocking Carbon Capture: Key to Global Net-Zero Goals

    Unlocking Carbon Capture: Key to Global Net-Zero Goals





    Carbon Capture & Storage: Key Role in Global Net-Zero Emissions

    Carbon Capture & Storage: Key Role in Global Net-Zero Emissions

    Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) is increasingly recognized as a pivotal technology in the fight against climate change.
    With global net-zero emissions targets in sight, CCS plays an integral role in limiting global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels,
    as outlined in the Paris Agreement. By capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at their source and storing it safely underground,
    CCS provides a viable pathway to enhance sustainability, mitigate climate impacts, and ensure energy security.

    Key Concepts of Carbon Capture & Storage

    To understand the importance of CCS in reaching global emissions targets, it is essential to grasp its major principles and concepts:

    What is Carbon Capture?

    Carbon capture involves extracting CO2 from the atmosphere or preventing its release from industrial processes. Techniques
    like direct air capture and pre-combustion capture exemplify how we can effectively remove greenhouse gases from the environment.

    Storage Solutions

    The captured CO2 is then transported and stored underground in geological formations, such as depleted oil and gas fields or deep saline aquifers.
    This process not only reduces atmospheric CO2 levels but also reuses existing infrastructure.

    Applications and Real-World Uses

    CCS technology has various applications that align with achieving global net-zero emissions targets. Key practical uses include:

    • Enhanced Oil Recovery: Utilizing captured CO2 to extract additional oil from aging fields.
    • Industrial Processes: Implementing CCS in cement production and steel manufacturing to significantly lower emissions.
    • Negative Emissions: Integrating CCS with biomass energy production leading to negative emissions capable of offsetting other pollution.

    Current Challenges in Carbon Capture & Storage

    Despite its promise, CCS faces significant challenges that hinder its widespread implementation. These include:

    • High Costs: The initial investment for CCS technology can be substantial, often making it economically unviable without subsidies.
    • Regulatory Hurdles: Complex regulations surrounding CO2 emissions and storage can delay project deployment.
    • Public Acceptance: There are concerns over the safety and environmental implications of long-term CO2 storage.

    Future Research and Innovations

    Looking ahead, ongoing research and emerging technologies in CCS are essential for improving efficacy and reducing costs. Potential advancements include:

    • Next-Generation Materials: Developing advanced materials that enhance the efficiency of CO2 capture.
    • Process Innovations: Refinements in industrial processes that facilitate lower-carbon alternatives in manufacturing.
    • AI and Data Analytics: Leveraging artificial intelligence for monitoring and optimizing CCS systems.

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) is an essential framework that underpins the global effort to reach net-zero emissions and combat climate change.
    By investing in CCS, we can make significant strides toward limiting global warming to 1.5°C as per the Paris Agreement’s objectives.
    Stakeholders—governments, industry leaders, and researchers—must collaborate to overcome existing hurdles and innovate for a sustainable future.
    For further insights, explore our articles on advancements in CCS technologies and global climate policies.


  • Unlocking Carbon Capture & Storage: A Beginner’s Guide

    Unlocking Carbon Capture & Storage: A Beginner’s Guide





    Introduction to Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS)

    Introduction to Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS)

    Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) is a pivotal technology in the fight against climate change, designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from industrial sources and power plants. This innovative process captures carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions before they reach the atmosphere and safely stores them underground. The significance of CCS lies not only in its ability to curb emissions but also in its potential to create sustainable energy solutions and aid in achieving net-zero targets globally.

    Key Concepts

    Understanding Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) involves several key concepts:

    • Capture: The process of trapping CO2 emissions from industrial processes and burning fossil fuels.
    • Transport: The movement of captured CO2, typically through pipelines, to secure storage sites.
    • Storage: The long-term isolation of CO2 in geological formations or other appropriate areas.

    These principles form the backbone of CCS technology, making it a critical component in the broader context of reducing carbon footprints worldwide.

    Applications and Real-World Uses

    The applications of Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) are crucial in various industries:

    • Power Generation: CCS is deployed in coal and natural gas power plants to cut down emissions significantly.
    • Cement Production: Cement manufacturing is a major contributor to CO2 emissions, and CCS can help mitigate this impact.
    • Hydrogen Production: Captured CO2 can be utilized in producing low-carbon hydrogen, a key player in future energy transitions.

    These examples illustrate how Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) technology is used in real-world applications, playing an essential role in the global transition to a sustainable future.

    Current Challenges

    Despite its potential, several challenges limit the effectiveness and proliferation of Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS):

    • High Costs: The initial investment for CCS technology can be significant.
    • Infrastructure Requirements: Extensive networks for CO2 transportation need to be built.
    • Public Perception: Concerns about the safety of storing CO2 underground may hinder acceptance.
    • Regulatory Issues: There is a need for clear policies governing the use and storage of captured carbon.

    Addressing these challenges is crucial for advancing the implementation of CCS technologies.

    Future Research and Innovations

    As interest in sustainable energy solutions grows, research into Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) innovations is gaining momentum:

    • Next-Generation Capture Technology: Exploring more efficient and cost-effective methods to capture CO2.
    • Utilization of Captured CO2: Developing processes to convert captured CO2 into useful products, such as fuels or materials.
    • Enhanced Geological Storage Techniques: Innovating ways to safely store CO2 in a variety of geological formations.

    These advancements could play a vital role in increasing the effectiveness of CCS as part of global climate strategies.

    Conclusion

    In summary, Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) is a crucial technology in combating climate change, with its key concepts, real-world applications, challenges, and future innovations highlighting its significance. As industries seek sustainable solutions, CCS could be a game-changer in achieving net-zero emissions. To learn more about related topics, explore our articles on climate solutions and renewable energy technologies.


  • Decarbonizing Steel and Cement: The Rise of CCS Solutions

    Decarbonizing Steel and Cement: The Rise of CCS Solutions





    Decarbonization in Steel and Cement Through CCS Technologies

    Decarbonization in Steel and Cement Through CCS Technologies

    Category: Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS)

    Topic: Industrial sectors, including steel and cement, are exploring CCS as a way to decarbonize and meet regulatory requirements.

    Introduction

    As global efforts to combat climate change intensify, industrial sectors such as steel and cement are at the forefront of initiatives aimed at reducing carbon emissions. They are exploring Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) as a vital strategy to decarbonize their operations and comply with increasingly stringent regulatory requirements. The significance of CCS within these sectors is not only vital for meeting global climate targets but also crucial for the sustainability of industries that contribute greatly to greenhouse gas emissions. This article delves into the transformative potential of CCS technologies in steel and cement industries.

    Key Concepts of CCS in Industrial Sectors

    Understanding the principles of Carbon Capture and Storage is essential for grasping how it can benefit sectors like steel and cement. The following key concepts are crucial:

    • Carbon Capture: The process of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions produced from industrial processes before they reach the atmosphere.
    • Carbon Storage: The long-term storage of captured CO2 in geological formations or other storage mediums to prevent its release into the atmosphere.
    • Regulatory Compliance: Adopting CCS technologies to meet local, national, and international regulations aimed at reducing carbon emissions.

    Applications and Real-World Uses

    The application of CCS technologies in the industrial sectors of steel and cement is rapidly gaining traction. Here are significant real-world applications:

    • Steel Manufacturing: Companies are implementing CCS solutions to capture emissions produced during iron ore reduction processes.
    • Cement Production: The adoption of CCS in cement kilns helps in significantly reducing CO2 emissions from thermal processes.
    • Pilot Projects: Several pilot projects worldwide have demonstrated the feasibility of CCS in both sectors, showcasing how emissions are captured and utilized in various applications.

    Current Challenges

    Despite the potential of CCS, several challenges hinder its widespread adoption in industrial sectors:

    • High Implementation Costs: The initial investment in CCS technologies can be prohibitively expensive for many companies.
    • Infrastructure Limitations: The existing infrastructure may not be compatible with CCS systems, necessitating substantial upgrades.
    • Regulatory Uncertainty: Fluctuating regulations can create a challenging environment for investment in CCS technologies.

    Future Research and Innovations

    Future research efforts and innovations hold the key to overcoming existing challenges and optimizing CCS technologies:

    • Advanced Materials: Development of new materials for more efficient CO2 capture processes.
    • Direct Air Capture: Research is underway to enhance technologies that capture CO2 directly from ambient air.
    • Integration with Renewable Energy: Exploring how CCS can be effectively integrated with renewable energy systems for improved carbon management.

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, as the steel and cement industries strive to decarbonize, exploring Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies emerges as a crucial pathway. Addressing the challenges and investing in future innovations can significantly enhance the effectiveness of CCS, aiding sectors in meeting regulatory requirements and global carbon reduction targets. For further reading on CCS technologies, visit our other articles on CCS Technologies and Decarbonization Strategies.


  • Understanding CCS: The Three-Step Process Explained

    Understanding CCS: The Three-Step Process Explained






    Understanding How Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) Works: The Three-Step Process

    How CCS Works: The Three-Step Process

    Introduction

    Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) is an essential technology in the battle against climate change, enabling the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from industrial sources. Understanding how CCS works through its three-step process is critical for industries aiming to mitigate their environmental impact. This process encompasses capturing carbon dioxide (CO2), transporting it to a storage site, and securely storing it underground. The significance of CCS cannot be overstated, as it plays a pivotal role in achieving global carbon neutrality targets and developing sustainable energy solutions.

    Key Concepts

    The three-step process of Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) can be broken down as follows:

    1. Capture

    During this initial phase, CO2 emissions are separated from other gases produced in industrial processes or power generation. Technologies such as post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, and oxy-fuel combustion are commonly employed. The goal is to isolate CO2 while minimizing disruption to the existing infrastructure.

    2. Transportation

    Once captured, the CO2 must be transported to a suitable storage location. This transportation is typically done via pipelines, which are designed to safely and efficiently move the gas to designated sites, often located underground in depleted oil and gas fields or deep saline aquifers.

    3. Storage

    The final phase involves injecting the CO2 into geological formations, where it is securely contained. Long-term monitoring ensures that the storage site remains stable over time, preventing any leakage back into the atmosphere. Proper storage is vital for the success of CCS, as it directly affects the feasibility of these operations.

    Applications and Real-World Uses

    How CCS is used in various industries demonstrates its wide-ranging applications, particularly in sectors that are significant carbon emitters:

    • Power Generation: Coal and natural gas power plants utilize CCS to capture emissions while maintaining energy production efficiency.
    • Cement Production: CCS technologies are being implemented in cement manufacturing to reduce carbon footprints by capturing emissions generated in the process.
    • Hydrogen Production: Integrating CCS in hydrogen production can lead to low-carbon hydrogen, vital for the transition to cleaner energy sources.

    Current Challenges

    Despite its potential, there are several challenges and limitations in implementing the three-step process of CCS:

    • High costs associated with capture technologies and infrastructure development.
    • Limited availability of suitable geological storage sites.
    • Public perception and regulatory barriers that can slow down deployment.
    • Technological limitations in scaling up CCS processes to the required levels.

    Future Research and Innovations

    Innovations and ongoing research are crucial for the progress of How CCS Works. Future-oriented breakthroughs include:

    • Development of more efficient capture materials that reduce energy consumption and costs.
    • Advancements in real-time monitoring systems for better assessment of storage integrity.
    • Integration of renewable energy in powering CCS infrastructure, enhancing sustainability.

    Conclusion

    Understanding the three-step process of Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS)—capture, transportation, and storage—is essential for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. With significant real-world applications and ongoing innovations, CCS represents a crucial pathway toward achieving climate goals. For more information on related technologies and sustainable practices, click here to explore further.


  • Unlocking Value: EOR as a Leading Use for Captured CO2

    Unlocking Value: EOR as a Leading Use for Captured CO2




    EOR: A Commercially Viable Use of CO2 in Carbon Capture & Storage



    Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) as a Commercially Viable Use of CO2

    Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) stands as one of the most commercially viable applications of carbon dioxide (CO2), offering significant economic incentives for carbon capture and storage (CCS) initiatives. As the world faces pressing climate challenges, integrating EOR into CCS strategies not only helps in reducing greenhouse gas emissions but also enhances oil production efficiently. This synergy between EOR and CCS is crucial for advancing sustainable practices within the energy sector.

    Key Concepts of EOR and Its Role in CCS

    Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) utilizes CO2 to increase the amount of crude oil that can be extracted from an oil reservoir, thus optimizing resource utilization. The following key principles are fundamental to understanding EOR’s significance in the broader context of Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS):

    • Injection Techniques: CO2 is injected into subsurface reservoirs, reducing oil viscosity and allowing for enhanced extraction.
    • Economic Incentive: The use of captured CO2 in EOR generates revenue, making CCS projects more economically feasible.
    • Carbon Sequestration: EOR can lead to long-term storage of CO2 in geological formations, contributing to reduced atmospheric CO2 levels.

    Applications and Real-World Uses of EOR in CCS

    The practical applications of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) significantly demonstrate how CO2 is utilized effectively within the Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) domain:

    • Oil Fields: Many existing oil fields employ EOR methods to maximize production while capturing CO2 from industrial sources.
    • CCS Projects: Projects such as the Petra Nova project in Texas exemplify how capturing CO2 from power plants helps in oil recovery operations.
    • Research Initiatives: Academic and industry collaborations are enhancing techniques related to CO2 injection and monitoring to ensure effectiveness and safety.

    Current Challenges of EOR in Carbon Capture & Storage

    Despite its potential, EOR faces several challenges that can impede its widespread adoption in the context of Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS):

    1. Technical Limitations: The effectiveness of CO2 injection depends on reservoir characteristics, which may not be ideal in all locations.
    2. High Costs: Initial investment and operational costs can be a barrier, limiting the scalability of EOR projects.
    3. Regulatory Frameworks: Inconsistent regulations across regions can complicate project implementation.

    Future Research and Innovations in EOR and CCS

    Innovations in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques and technologies promise to enhance its efficacy as a commercially viable application of CO2 in the coming years:

    • Advanced Monitoring Technologies: Emerging technologies for real-time monitoring can increase the efficiency and safety of CO2 injection.
    • Metagenomic Research: Exploring microbial effects on oil reservoirs may lead to new CO2 storage techniques.
    • Policy Initiatives: New governmental policies advocating for CCS and EOR can stimulate investment and development.

    Conclusion

    Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) represents a key intersection of economic viability and environmental responsibility in the realm of Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS). By promoting the capture and utilization of CO2, EOR not only offers an economically rewarding strategy for oil production but also contributes to climate change mitigation. Stakeholders in the energy sector are encouraged to explore further research on EOR and support initiatives that enhance its implementation in CCS. For more information, visit our pages on Carbon Capture & Storage and Recent Innovations in EOR Technology.